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Executive Order 9066 is a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, authorizing the Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as military zones. Eventually, EO 9066 cleared the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans to internment camps. The executive order was spurred by a combination of war hysteria and reactions to the Niihau Incident.

"Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate, whenever he or any designated Commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to provide for residents of any such area who are excluded therefrom, such transportation, food, shelter, and other accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgment of the Secretary of War or the said Military Commander, and until other arrangements are made, to accomplish the purpose of this order. The designation of military areas in any region or locality shall supersede designations of prohibited and restricted areas by the Attorney General under the Proclamations of December 7 and 8, 1941, and shall supersede the responsibility and authority of the Attorney General under the said Proclamations in respect of such prohibited and restricted areas."

Americans of Italian and German ancestry were also targeted by these restrictions, including internment. 11,000 people of German ancestry were interned, as were 3,000 people of Italian ancestry, along with some Jewish refugees. The interned Jewish refugees came from Germany, as the U.S. government did not differentiate between ethnic Jews and ethnic Germans (Jewish was defined as a religious practice). Some of the internees of European descent were interned only briefly, while others were held for several years beyond the end of the war. Like the Japanese internees, these smaller groups had American-born citizens in their numbers, especially among the children. A few members of ethnicities of other Axis countries were interned, but exact numbers are unknown.

Flying in the second wave of the attack, he had vanquished the remaining aircraft intended to protect Pearl, a task so easy that his own return flight to the carrier should have proved uneventful. But now his Zero was leaking fuel badly, forcing him to make an emergency landing. The barren island below, called Niihau, was tiny and of no consequence compared with the world-changing events that had unfolded earlier that morning, December 7, 1941. Yet six days later, Airman First Class Shigenori Nishikaichi would be dead, killed by an islander, while another island resident who had helped the pilot would take his own life, all the result of a strange incident of invasion and resistance in the Pacific war.

Read more: http://www.airspacemag.com/military-avi ... z2tnEHQayd

The Niʻihau Incident (or Battle of Niʻihau) occurred on December 7, 1941, when Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service pilot Shigenori Nishikaichi crash-landed his Zero on the Hawaiian island of Niʻihau after participating in the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was killed in a struggle with people on the island.

The island's Native Hawaiian residents were initially unaware of the attack, but apprehended Nishikaichi when the gravity of the situation became apparent. Nishikaichi then sought and received the assistance of three locals of Japanese descent in overcoming his captors, finding weapons, and taking several hostages. In the end Nishikaichi was killed by the wife of Niʻihauan Ben Kan

Internment was publicized as a national security measure responding to a military threat. Contemporary observers, however, wondered if internment was actually directed against an economic threat that some Americans saw in fellow Americans of Japanese descent. One half of employed Japanese-Americans on the West Coast were in agriculture. They were the largest force in California's fruit and vegetable markets; agricultural experts expected thirty-five percent of California's 1942 truck crops to come from Japanese-Americans.1 Japanese-American farms in 1940 were worth $72 million plus $6 million in equipment. Per acre their farms were worth $279.96, in contrast to the average value of $37.94 for all California farms. "I find no popular demand for the efforts to drive the so-called alien enemies from California," said one indignant attorney. "The clamor seems to come from chambers of commerce, Associated Farmers, and the newspapers notorious as spokesmen for reactionary interests. In view of this fact, effort should be made to determine whether there is any connection between the clamor for the dispossession of the Japanese farmers and the desire of these clamoring interests to get possession of the Japanese farms and the elimination of the Japanese competition."2 The attorney's analysis was shared by others. "The great cry of 'Kick the Japanese out of the Yakima Valley' is not due to fear of sabotage, it is due to economic reasons. As one person naively explained to me, 'The white farmer would have more land and more water if he could get rid of the Japanese, and he could demand a higher price for his farm produce.'"3 An editorial in Christian Century warned against "action whose real end is the destruction of Japanese competitors of American firms."4 The Japanese-American Citizens League in Seattle reported "agitation being conducted by interests which would profit from removal of Japanese."5 The Grower-Shipper Vegetable Association was frank on this point: "If all the Japs were removed tomorrow, we'd never miss them in two weeks, because the white farmers can take over and produce everything the Jap grows. And we don't want them back when the war ends, either."6 Attorney General Francis Biddle told President Roosevelt, "Various special interests would welcome their [Japanese-American] removal from good farm land and the elimination of their competition."7 Said one Monterey County farmer about the exodus of Japanese-Americans, "We can go out to our American farmers and from a patriotic standpoint, if nothing else, get them to take up any part of the acreage that the canners deem sufficient or necessary to maintain California's position in the production of canned tomatos."8 The California Evacuated Farms Association of the U.S. Farm Security Administration helped farmers acquire property of Japanese-American competitors. This help apparently included "special loans."

The dollar loss suffered by Japanese-Americans is unknown.62 After the war Congress permitted victims to seek compensation from the government, but failure to produce any documentary records demanded by the government was punishable by a $10,000 fine and five years imprisonment. Victims who had already lost thousands of dollars and several years of liberty to the federal government did not rush to take advantage of the offer. Those who did make claims often received compensation far below actual loss.63

Turdacious wrote:Justification:

Flying in the second wave of the attack, he had vanquished the remaining aircraft intended to protect Pearl, a task so easy that his own return flight to the carrier should have proved uneventful. But now his Zero was leaking fuel badly, forcing him to make an emergency landing. The barren island below, called Niihau, was tiny and of no consequence compared with the world-changing events that had unfolded earlier that morning, December 7, 1941. Yet six days later, Airman First Class Shigenori Nishikaichi would be dead, killed by an islander, while another island resident who had helped the pilot would take his own life, all the result of a strange incident of invasion and resistance in the Pacific war.

Read more: http://www.airspacemag.com/military-avi ... z2tnEHQayd

The Niʻihau Incident (or Battle of Niʻihau) occurred on December 7, 1941, when Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service pilot Shigenori Nishikaichi crash-landed his Zero on the Hawaiian island of Niʻihau after participating in the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was killed in a struggle with people on the island.

The island's Native Hawaiian residents were initially unaware of the attack, but apprehended Nishikaichi when the gravity of the situation became apparent. Nishikaichi then sought and received the assistance of three locals of Japanese descent in overcoming his captors, finding weapons, and taking several hostages. In the end Nishikaichi was killed by the wife of Niʻihauan Ben Kan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niihau_Incident

PBS version:
http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetective ... 915656990/

baffled wrote:I'm protesting this thread.

DARTH wrote: There were other incidents and there were in fact Japanese Americans and immigrants that were loyal to the Empire but they did not need to throw every fucking one in camps to ferret that shit out.

Turdacious wrote:

DARTH wrote: There were other incidents and there were in fact Japanese Americans and immigrants that were loyal to the Empire but they did not need to throw every fucking one in camps to ferret that shit out.

You do if you want to get their property at bargain rates. Legal discrimination against asians of any stripe has a long history on the west coast.

baffled wrote:I'm protesting this thread.

dead man walking wrote:

baffled wrote:I'm protesting this thread.

how did you escape?

baffled wrote:

dead man walking wrote:

baffled wrote:I'm protesting this thread.

how did you escape?

All Japanese people know karate and have ninja skills.

2+2

Dirt McGirt wrote:So, can any of us come up with a legitimate national need/interest that was actually completely and successfully dealt with through executive order? They always seem to just add another stupid layer of bureaucracy at best, and accomplish shit like this at worst...

DARTH wrote:

baffled wrote:

dead man walking wrote:

baffled wrote:I'm protesting this thread.

how did you escape?

All Japanese people know karate and have ninja skills.

2+2

Plus not being alive yet was a big plus, huh?

Dirt McGirt wrote:So, can any of us come up with a legitimate national need/interest that was actually completely and successfully dealt with through executive order? They always seem to just add another stupid layer of bureaucracy at best, and accomplish shit like this at worst...

Dirt McGirt wrote:So, can any of us come up with a legitimate national need/interest that was actually completely and successfully dealt with through executive order? They always seem to just add another stupid layer of bureaucracy at best, and accomplish shit like this at worst...